California Invasion of Privacy Act, what counts as a confidential communication (Cal. Penal Code 632(c))
California's all-party rule in 632(a) reaches only a confidential communication, and the definition leaves out any conversation where the parties may reasonably expect to be recorded. A recording notice at the start of a call speaks to that expectation; it says nothing about what the recording may later be used for.
Dated 19 Oct 2026Source checked 19 Oct 2026Basis: primary text
In the source's own words
“(c) For the purposes of this section, “confidential communication” means any communication carried on in circumstances as may reasonably indicate that any party to the communication desires it to be confined to the parties thereto, but excludes a communication made in a public gathering or in any legislative, judicial, executive, or administrative proceeding open to the public, or in any other circumstance in which the parties to the communication may reasonably expect that the communication may be overheard or recorded.”
Where it was read
Figures it counts in
It is shown on its own, not counted into a figure.
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